![]() ![]() To date, the only confirmed reservoir in wildlife is African buffalo Syncerus caffer).įMD is an WOAH-listed disease and must be reported to the Organisation, as indicated in the Terrestrial Animal Health Code. Each strain requires a specific vaccine to provide immunity to a vaccinated animal.Īll seven of the serotypes have also been found in wildlife, although the latter does not play a significant role in the maintenance of the disease. There are seven strains (A, O, C, SAT1, SAT2, SAT3, and Asia1) which are endemic in different countries worldwide. The organism which causes FMD is an aphthovirus of the family Picornaviridae. The disease causes severe production losses, and while the majority of affected animals recover, the disease often leaves them weakened and debilitated. The disease is rarely fatal in adult animals, but there is often high mortality in young animals due to myocarditis or, when the dam is infected by the disease, lack of milk.įMD is characterised by fever and blister-like sores on the tongue and lips, in the mouth, on the teats and between the hooves. Intensively reared animals are more susceptible to the disease than traditional breeds. The disease affects cattle, swine, sheep, goats and other cloven-hoofed ruminants. ![]() FMD is the first disease for which WOAH established an official list of disease-free countries which can be officially recognised as free of the disease either in their entirety or in defined zones and compartments.įoot and mouth disease (FMD) is a severe, highly contagious viral disease of livestock that has a significant economic impact. Its prevention is based on the presence of early detection and warning systems and the implementation of effective surveillance among other measures. Each strain requires a specific vaccine to provide immunity to a vaccinated animal. FMD is caused by an Aphthovirus of the family Picornaviridae, seven strains (A, O, C, SAT1, SAT2, SAT3, and Asia1) are endemic in different countries worldwide. Africa and Eurasia are the regions which incur the largest costs, accounting for 50% and 33% of the total costs respectively. Seventy-five percent of the costs attributed to FMD prevention and control are incurred by low income and lower-middle income countries. Countries that are currently free of FMD without vaccination remain under constant threat of an incursion. The disease is estimated to circulate in 77% of the global livestock population, in Africa, the Middle East and Asia, as well as in a limited area of South America. It is a transboundary animal disease (TAD) that deeply affect the production of livestock and disrupting regional and international trade in animals and animal products. Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is a severe, highly contagious viral disease of livestock that has a significant economic impact. ![]()
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